对流层平流层气溶胶粒子的形态和化学组成   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

许黎  樊小标  石广玉  岩坂泰信  奥原靖彦  原圭一郎  龚知本  周军 《气象学报》1998,56(5):551-559

分析研究了１９９３年和１９９４年的８月、９月在香河地区上空采集的单个气溶胶粒子的形态及化学元素和化合物的组成。结果表明：１９９３年,在对流层大气中的气溶胶颗粒经常出现不规则形的粒子,可能是土壤粒子;而在平流层大气中的颗粒以具有“卫星”结构的硫酸粒子为主;硫酸铵粒子则经常出现在对流层的中、下部。香河地区上空颗粒物的化学元素组成比较复杂,单一化学元素组成的粒子较少,粒子主要含有Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ａｌ和Ｓ等元素。气溶胶的化合物有硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐等  相似文献   

基于傅里叶变换质谱的烃源岩成熟度评价方法及地质意义     

韩双彪  谢林丰  唐致远  李剑  王成善  Brian HORSFIELD 《地质学报》2023,97(5):1717-1721

<正>伴随非常规油气资源的勘探开发,油气资源开采的广度和深度进一步扩大,一定程度上缓解了我国油气供需矛盾、保障了我国能源安全,同时有力推动了能源结构战略转型。但同时也对能源地质研究工作提出了新的挑战。有机质成熟度是油气评价的重要参数之一,不同成熟阶段的有机质会对应产出不同成因、不同性质、不同质量的油气,如何准确评价沉积有机质成熟度是当前油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一。前人在科研实践工作中从光学、化学、谱学等角度提出了适用条件各异的成熟度评价方法,在部分地质环境中获得了良好的应用效果,但已有的成熟度指标多受测定方法原理的制约导致其适用性不同程度受限(肖贤明等,2020),制约了油气资源的高质量勘探开发。  相似文献   

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法测定地下水中的挥发性有机物   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李丽君  汪寅夫  王娜  王海娇 《岩矿测试》2010,29(5):547-551

利用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了适用于地下水中氯代烃、苯系物、氯代苯类等25种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法。采用选择离子监测与全扫描交替方式进行质谱定性,内标法定量,方法检出限为0.10～0.20μg/L,样品加标的平均回收率在83.9%～104.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)在3.23%～10.1%。方法检出限低,精密度好,分析快速,适用于大批量地下水中挥发性有机物的分析。  相似文献   

苯酰胺类化合物防污活性基团的初步探索     

荀靖懿  郑纪勇  程旭东  马力  张宏泉  蔺存国 《海洋科学》2022,46(5):104-114

开发绿色环保防污剂是海洋船舶防污涂料研究的重要方向,查明防污活性化合物分子结构中的防污活性基团,是设计开发新型防污剂的关键。本文合成了三种结构相似的苯酰胺类化合物HNOB、DOLPA和DHNOB,通过FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR测试表征三种化合物的分子结构,利用典型污损生物硅藻和贻贝作为目标生物,测试其对硅藻和贻贝附着的影响,并将分子结构与防污活性进行对比,初步探讨影响防污性能的活性基团。硅藻和贻贝附着实验均表明,HNOB的防污性能较好,半数抑制浓度远低于DOLPA和DHNOB。通过结构对比分析发现,极性和非极性结构的协同作用比单一的极性基团或非极性长碳链基团能更好地赋予苯酰胺类物质良好的防污性能。该研究初步探讨了苯酰胺类化合物的构效关系,有助于新型防污活性化合物的设计开发和结构优化,并对探究该类化合物防除污损生物附着的机理和快速筛选有潜力的防污化合物具有重要意义。  相似文献   

平湖油气田主断裂西部烃源评价及油源对比     

陈原珍 《海洋地质译丛》2014,(3):1-6

平湖油气田主力含油气区位于平湖主断裂以东区域,油源主要来源于东部生烃凹陷的半封闭海湾暗色泥岩和煤层.公司于2011年11月在主断裂西部钻了一口探井XY井,目的是为探测主断裂西部含油气情况,扩大油气储量.结果钻遇油气层12m,测试获日产气14.66×104m3,日产油107.8 m3,取得了一定突破.为进一步评价西部含油气规模,钻后进行了油源对比研究,认为西部的油气主要是东部运移聚集的结果,西部源岩也有一定贡献.西部有形成一定规模油气藏的潜力.  相似文献   

南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄鑫  曾志刚  陈帅  殷学博  王晓媛  马瑶  杨宝菊  荣坤波  舒云超  姜涛 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):150-154

10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration.  相似文献   

加氯水体有机浓集物对团头鲂血液指标的影响     

吴伟  余晓丽  胡庚东 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(4)

本文对团头鲂 2项血液学指标 (红细胞数 RBC和血红蛋白量 Hb)的正常值进行了研究 ,同时检测了加氯水体中有机浓集物对这 2项指标的影响。结果表明 ,团头鲂血液中 RBC和 Hb的正常值受生长和水温等因素影响 ;在相同的试验条件下 ,加氯水体中的有机浓集物对团头鲂血液 RBC和 Hb有抑制作用 ,抑制率分别为 4 .3 %～ 2 6.0 %和 5.0 %～ 2 2 .5% ,表明此类物质对鱼类正常的生长代谢有一定的危害。  相似文献   

山东地区典型金属罐喷涂企业VOCs排放特征研究     

曹双  高素莲  闫学军  刘光辉  王琛 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(6):749-757

了解涂装行业挥发性有机物（VOCs）的排放特征是制定山东地区臭氧（O₃）和PM_2.5防控策略的重要环节.本研究在山东地区测定了两家典型食品金属包装企业喷涂过程中VOCs的排放组成,企业产品以饮料罐和罐头为主.结果表明：两家企业排放的总VOCs质量浓度水平相当,质量浓度变化范围在50~1 500 μg/m³;但两家企业喷涂过程中VOCs的排放组成具有一定的差异,以生产铝罐和马口铁罐为主的企业中的含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）含量最多,占比89.71%（质量分数,下同）;而生产铝罐的企业芳香烃（56.15%）是首要的排放种类,其次是OVOCs （32.32%）.通过分析两家企业内外喷涂工艺的VOCs源成分谱,发现同一企业不同工艺之间有一定差异,多种罐生产企业的内、外喷涂中乙醇占比最高,分别为94.28%、84.46%;单铝罐生产企业的内喷涂2-丁酮（24.33%）是重要组分,外喷涂中甲苯（36.40%）含量较高.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the elimination of PCBs in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa     

George B. McManus  Kevin D. Wyman  William T. Peterson  Charles F. Wurster 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(4):421-430

The effects of feeding, egg laying, and fecal pellet production on the elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the marine copepod Acartia tonsa were studied in a series of experiments. Copepods were exposed to ¹⁴C-labelled Aroclor 1254 and allowed to depurate in clean seawater. Copepods fed during depuration eliminated PCBs more rapidly than unfed copepods whether or not the original PCB exposure medium had contained food. Both eggs and fecal pellets contained PCBs during depuration, with the weight specific concentration of PCB in the eggs (up to 407 ppm, dry weight) exceeding four times that in the females that produced them. Female copepods eliminated PCBs twice as rapidly as males, indicating that egg production is an important route for PCB elimination.  相似文献   

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption by iron oxyhydroxides in aqueous systems     

S.A. Crosby  G.E. Millward  E.I. Butler  D.R. Turner  M. Whitfield 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(2):257-270

The rate of uptake of phosphate onto synthetic Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-derived oxyhydroxides has been studied using reaction conditions similar to those encountered in natural waters. Kinetic analyses were carried out on the adsorption profiles and both first-order and second-order conditional rate constants were obtained. The temperature dependence of some of the rate constants was investigated and corresponding apparent activation energies calculated. Similar experiments and analyses were undertaken using Fe from natural sources and in general the conditional rate constants obtained in seawater were in agreement with the synthetic ones. The results of this study are of value when comparing the time scales of adsorption processes in natural waters with the time scales of mixing and advection.  相似文献